financial-analyst

Original source / Raw SKILL.md

---
name: financial-analyst
description: Financial analysis and research workflows for market research, equity research, comparable companies, precedent transactions, and DCF valuation. Use when asked to build or critique DCF models, comps/precedents tables, competitor or strategy analysis, market sizing, or to deliver analyst-ready outputs in Excel, PowerPoint, or Markdown from CSV/Excel/SQL/API/web data.
---

# Financial Analyst

## Overview

Deliver industry-standard market research, equity research, comps, precedents, and DCF valuation with explicit assumptions, source citations, and polished outputs in Excel, PowerPoint, or Markdown.

## Quick Intake

- Confirm company name, ticker, industry, geography, currency, and units (USD millions, etc.).
- Confirm scope (DCF, comps, precedents, market sizing, competitive strategy, equity research memo) and output formats.
- Gather data sources (CSV/Excel/SQL/API/web) and ask for access details or files.
- Ask for missing inputs; if the user says proceed, use standard assumptions and list them explicitly.

## Core Workflows

### DCF Model

- Use `references/dcf.md` for standard structure and checks.
- Build a 5-year forecast, WACC via CAPM, and terminal value via Gordon Growth.
- Produce a valuation summary, sensitivity table, and assumptions table.
- Use `assets/templates/dcf-model-template.md` as a starting layout if a template helps.

### Comparable Companies

- Use `references/comps.md` for peer selection and table fields.
- Build a comps table with key operating metrics and trading multiples.
- Call out outliers and justify adjustments or exclusions.
- Use `assets/templates/comps-template.csv` for the table skeleton.

### Precedent Transactions

- Use `references/precedents.md` for deal filters and table fields.
- Build a precedents table with deal values, premiums, and transaction multiples.
- Note deal context (strategic vs. financial buyer, control premium, timing).
- Use `assets/templates/precedents-template.csv` for the table skeleton.

### Market Research

- Use `references/market-research.md` for market sizing and structure.
- Provide TAM/SAM/SOM with both top-down and bottom-up triangulation when possible.
- Cite sources and state any conversions or extrapolations.
- Use `assets/templates/market-research-template.md` for the memo layout.

### Competitive Strategy and Key Competitors

- Use `references/competitive-strategy.md` for frameworks and output structure.
- Identify direct, adjacent, and substitute competitors with brief rationale.
- Assess differentiation, moats, pricing power, and distribution advantages.
- Use `assets/templates/competitive-strategy-template.md` for the memo layout.

### Equity Research Memo

- Use `references/equity-research.md` for the memo structure.
- Present a clear thesis, valuation summary, catalysts, and risks.
- Keep conclusions linked to data and comps/DCF outputs.
- Use `assets/templates/er-memo-template.md` as a starting outline.

## Output Standards

- Provide an assumptions table for every model or valuation.
- Include units, currency, and as-of dates on every table.
- Keep formulas transparent in Excel outputs and document key drivers in Markdown.
- Provide a slide outline when PowerPoint is requested via `assets/templates/ppt-outline.md`.

## Resource Index

- References: `references/dcf.md`, `references/comps.md`, `references/precedents.md`, `references/market-research.md`, `references/competitive-strategy.md`, `references/equity-research.md`
- Assets: `assets/templates/dcf-model-template.md`, `assets/templates/comps-template.csv`, `assets/templates/precedents-template.csv`, `assets/templates/market-research-template.md`, `assets/templates/competitive-strategy-template.md`, `assets/templates/er-memo-template.md`, `assets/templates/ppt-outline.md`


---

## Referenced Files

> The following files are referenced in this skill and included for context.

### references/dcf.md

```markdown
# DCF Model Guide

## Purpose

Build a standard 5-year DCF with WACC via CAPM and terminal value via Gordon Growth.

## Required Inputs

- Historical income statement, cash flow, and balance sheet
- Shares outstanding and net debt (or cash and debt)
- Tax rate assumption (effective or statutory)
- Risk-free rate, equity risk premium, and beta (or enough data to estimate)

## Core Steps

1. Normalize historicals (one-time items, non-recurring revenue/expense).
2. Build revenue and margin drivers (volume, price, mix, unit economics).
3. Forecast operating expenses, D&A, capex, and working capital.
4. Compute unlevered free cash flow (UFCF).
5. Compute WACC and discount UFCF.
6. Compute terminal value and discount to present.
7. Derive equity value and per-share value.
8. Build a sensitivity table (WACC vs terminal growth).

## Standard Formulas

- UFCF = EBIT * (1 - tax rate) + D&A - Capex - Change in NWC
- WACC = (E / V) * Re + (D / V) * Rd * (1 - tax rate)
- Re (CAPM) = Risk-free + Beta * Equity Risk Premium (+ size or specific premium if required)
- Terminal Value (Gordon) = Final Year UFCF * (1 + g) / (WACC - g)
- Equity Value = Enterprise Value - Net Debt (+ other adjustments if needed)
- Per Share = Equity Value / Diluted Shares

## Checks and QA

- Keep units consistent (USD, millions, etc.) across all tabs.
- Reconcile cash flow line items to balance sheet movement where possible.
- Keep terminal growth below or near long-term GDP growth for the market.
- Ensure WACC is higher than terminal growth; flag if not.
- Provide an assumptions table for all key drivers.

## Output Expectations

- Valuation summary with EV and equity value
- Sensitivity table (WACC vs terminal growth)
- Assumptions table (revenue growth, margins, capex, NWC, tax rate)

```

### assets/templates/dcf-model-template.md

```markdown
# DCF Model Template (Outline)

## Tabs

- Inputs
- Assumptions
- Forecast
- DCF Summary
- Sensitivity

## Assumptions Table

| Assumption | Value | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Revenue growth (Y1-Y5) |  |  |
| EBITDA margin |  |  |
| Tax rate |  |  |
| D&A as % revenue |  |  |
| Capex as % revenue |  |  |
| NWC as % revenue |  |  |
| Risk-free rate |  |  |
| Equity risk premium |  |  |
| Beta |  |  |
| Cost of debt |  |  |
| Terminal growth |  |  |

## Forecast Table (UFCF)

| Line Item | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |
| EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  |
| D&A |  |  |  |  |  |
| EBIT |  |  |  |  |  |
| Taxes |  |  |  |  |  |
| NOPAT |  |  |  |  |  |
| + D&A |  |  |  |  |  |
| - Capex |  |  |  |  |  |
| - Change in NWC |  |  |  |  |  |
| UFCF |  |  |  |  |  |

## DCF Summary

| Item | Value |
| --- | --- |
| PV of UFCF |  |
| PV of Terminal Value |  |
| Enterprise Value |  |
| Net Debt |  |
| Equity Value |  |
| Diluted Shares |  |
| Implied Value per Share |  |

```

### references/comps.md

```markdown
# Comparable Companies Guide

## Peer Selection

- Match business model, end market, and revenue mix.
- Align scale and growth profile when possible.
- Prefer publicly traded companies with reliable disclosures.
- Use a mix of direct and adjacent peers; justify inclusions.

## Core Fields

- Company, ticker, headquarters, description
- Market cap, enterprise value, net debt
- LTM and next-year revenue, EBITDA, EBIT, EPS
- Growth (1Y, 3Y CAGR), margins (EBITDA, EBIT)
- Multiples: EV/Revenue, EV/EBITDA, P/E, EV/FCF

## Adjustments

- Normalize for one-time items and accounting differences.
- Flag outliers and provide a reason for exclusion if needed.
- Use median and interquartile range for summary stats.

## Output Expectations

- Comps table with a summary row (median, mean, quartiles)
- Brief narrative on peer set rationale and key takeaways

```

### references/precedents.md

```markdown
# Precedent Transactions Guide

## Deal Selection

- Target similar business model, end market, and scale.
- Use a recent timeframe unless the market is thin.
- Include both strategic and financial buyers when relevant.

## Core Fields

- Acquirer, target, announce/close date
- Deal value, enterprise value, equity value
- Consideration type (cash, stock, mix)
- Premium to unaffected price
- LTM revenue, EBITDA, EBIT
- Multiples: EV/Revenue, EV/EBITDA, P/E

## Adjustments

- Normalize target financials if disclosed adjustments exist.
- Note control premium and market conditions at announcement.
- Flag carve-outs or special situations explicitly.

## Output Expectations

- Precedents table with summary statistics
- Short narrative on valuation context and premium levels

```

### references/market-research.md

```markdown
# Market Research Guide

## Structure

- Market definition and scope
- TAM/SAM/SOM with assumptions
- Growth drivers and constraints
- Customer segments and adoption
- Competitive landscape snapshot
- Regulatory or macro considerations

## Sizing Methods

- Top-down: start from industry totals and segment down
- Bottom-up: build from unit economics, customers, or geography
- Triangulate across methods; reconcile deltas explicitly

## Output Expectations

- Clear definitions for TAM, SAM, SOM
- Source citations for all external data
- Table of assumptions and conversions

```

### assets/templates/market-research-template.md

```markdown
# Market Research Memo

## Market Definition

- 

## TAM / SAM / SOM

- TAM:
- SAM:
- SOM:

## Sizing Methods

- Top-down:
- Bottom-up:
- Reconciliation:

## Growth Drivers and Constraints

- 

## Customer Segments

- 

## Competitive Landscape

- 

## Regulatory and Macro Factors

- 

## Sources

- 

```

### references/competitive-strategy.md

```markdown
# Competitive Strategy Guide

## Key Competitors

- Identify direct competitors (same customer, same use case).
- Identify adjacent competitors (different product, same budget).
- Identify substitutes (different category, same outcome).

## Strategy Assessment

- Pricing power and switching costs
- Distribution advantages and partnerships
- Product differentiation and roadmap
- Brand strength and customer loyalty
- Cost structure and scale advantages

## Frameworks

- Porter 5 Forces
- SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats)
- Value chain positioning

## Output Expectations

- Competitor list with brief rationale
- Summary of competitive advantages and vulnerabilities
- 2-3 strategic implications for the company

```

### assets/templates/competitive-strategy-template.md

```markdown
# Competitive Strategy Memo

## Key Competitors

| Competitor | Category (Direct/Adjacent/Substitute) | Rationale |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

## Differentiation and Moats

- 

## Pricing Power and Switching Costs

- 

## Distribution and Partnerships

- 

## Product Roadmap and Innovation

- 

## Strategic Implications

- 

```

### references/equity-research.md

```markdown
# Equity Research Memo Guide

## Structure

- Rating and target price summary
- Investment thesis (3-5 bullets)
- Business overview and segments
- Industry and competitive positioning
- Financial overview and key drivers
- Valuation summary (DCF, comps, precedents)
- Catalysts and risks
- Appendix: assumptions and sensitivity

## Output Expectations

- Thesis ties directly to data and valuation work
- Explicit assumptions and source citations
- Clear statement of risks and downside cases

```

### assets/templates/er-memo-template.md

```markdown
# Equity Research Memo

## Rating and Target Price

- Rating:
- Target Price:
- Base Case:

## Investment Thesis

- 

## Business Overview

- 

## Industry and Competitive Position

- 

## Financial Overview

- 

## Valuation Summary

- DCF:
- Comps:
- Precedents:

## Catalysts

- 

## Risks

- 

## Appendix: Assumptions and Sensitivity

- 

```

### assets/templates/ppt-outline.md

```markdown
# PowerPoint Outline

1. Title and Summary
2. Investment Thesis (3-5 bullets)
3. Market Overview (TAM/SAM/SOM)
4. Competitive Landscape (key competitors)
5. Business Model and Drivers
6. Financial Snapshot (historicals and outlook)
7. Valuation Summary (DCF + Comps + Precedents)
8. Sensitivity (WACC vs terminal growth)
9. Catalysts and Risks

```



---

## Skill Companion Files

> Additional files collected from the skill directory layout.

### _meta.json

```json
{
  "owner": "aniebyl",
  "slug": "financial-analyst",
  "displayName": "Financial Analyst",
  "latest": {
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "publishedAt": 1772419955857,
    "commit": "https://github.com/openclaw/skills/commit/b995cc8e882315cc531c6c31b4b28ab77100fffc"
  },
  "history": []
}

```